Basasha (Onion) waa dalag muhiim ah oo cuntooyinka laga isticmaalo maalin kasta, waana mid ka mid ah dalagyada ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaale ahaan faa’iido u leh beeraleyda. Beerista basasha waxay u baahan tahay qorsheyn wanaagsan oo dhanka diyaarinta dhulka, nafaqada ciidda, waraabka, iyo ka hortagga cudurrada si loo helo wax-soo-saar tayo sare leh. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku falanqeyn doonaa hababka ugu waxtarka badan ee loo beero basasha, loo daryeelo, iyo sida loo goosto.
- Diyaarinta Dhulka:
Si basashadu ugu korto si caafimaad leh oo midho tayo sare leh loo helo, dhulku waa in si fiican loo diyaariyo.
Tallaabooyinka Diyaarinta Dhulka: - Nadiifinta Dhulka: Ka saar dhirta haramaha iyo wixii qashin ah ee dhulka yaalla.
- Fallaadhinta Dhulka: Dhulka si fiican u falaaadhi si uu u noqdo mid jilicsan oo neefsanaya. Tani waxay u sahlaysaa xididdada basasha inay si fudud ugu fidaan ciidda.
- Bacriminta: Ku dar bacriminta dabiiciga ah sida compost ama digada xoolaha si ciidda loo bacrimiyo.
- Qaabaynta Safafka: Samee safaf u dhexeeya 20-30 cm, si geedka basashadu u helo hawo iyo biyo ku filan.
PH-ga Ciidda:
Basasha waxay ku fiican tahay ciid leh PH u dhexeeya 6.0 ilaa 7.0.
Haddii PH-gu uu hooseeyo, isticmaal lime si loo dheellitiro aashitada ciidda. - Doorashada Noocyada Abuurka Basasha
Doorashada nooca basasha ee deegaanka ku habboon waxay muhiim u tahay wax-soo-saarka wanaagsan.
Noocyada Basasha: - Basasha Casaanka ah (Red Onion): Caan ku ah gudaha Soomaaliya iyo ganacsiga caalamiga ah.
- Basasha Cadaanka ah (White Onion): Ku habboon cuntooyinka gaarka ah iyo suuqa caalamiga ah.
Xulashada Abuurka:
Dooro abuur caafimaad leh oo aan lahayn wax calaamado cudur ah.
Abuurka si fiican ugu diyaari dhul qallalan oo iftiin yar leh muddo 2-3 maalmood ah ka hor beerista. - Habka Beerista Basasha:
Waqtiga Beerista:
Basasha waxaa lagu beeri karaa xilliyo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran deegaanka iyo nidaamka waraabka.
Soomaaliya, xilliyada ugu fiican waa dayrta (Sebtember – Nofeembar) iyo gu’ga (Maarso – Abriil).
Tallaabooyinka Beerista: - Samee godad leh qoto ah 2-3 cm.
- Ku beero abuurka ama jarista basasha si afkoodu u jeedo dhanka sare.
- Ku dabool ciid jilicsan, adigoo hubinaya in ciidda aysan aad u cadaadin.
- Hubi in geedka midba midka kale u jiro 10-15 cm.
- Nafaqada Ay Basashadu U Baahan Tahay:
Basashadu waxay u baahan tahay nafaqooyin muhiim ah si loo helo mero caafimaad leh oo tayo sare leh.
Bacriminta Nafaqada: - Nitrogen (N): Waxay korisaa caleemaha iyo qaybta sare ee geedka.
Isticmaal Urea ama Ammonium Nitrate si waxtar leh. - Phosphorus (P): Waxay ka caawisaa xididdada iyo tubbooyinka soo baxaya.
Isticmaal Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) ama Single Superphosphate. - Potassium (K): Waxay xoojisaa tayada iyo adkeysi tubbooyinka basasha.
Isticmaal Potassium Sulfate ama Muriate of Potash. - Micronutrients: Zinc, magnesium, iyo boron waa muhiim si loo xoojiyo koritaanka basasha.
- Waraabka Basasha:
Basashadu waxay u baahan tahay waraab joogto ah si ay si caafimaad leh ugu korto.
Habka Waraabka: - Waraabi hal mar 3-5 maalmood kasta iyadoo ku xiran xaaladda ciidda iyo cimilada.
- Isticmaal nidaamka drip irrigation si biyaha si siman loogu gaarsiiyo geed kasta.
- Ka ilaali in biyaha lagu daayo caleemaha si looga hortago cudurrada fungal-ka.
Waqtiyada Muhiimka Ah ee Waraabka:
Inta Tubbooyinka Soo Baxayaan: Waa xilliga ugu muhiimsan ee basashadu u baahan tahay biyo ku filan.
Ka Ilaali Waraabka Xilliga Goosashada: Bishii ugu dambeysa ka hor goosashada, yaree waraabka si tubbooyinku u adkaadaan oo ay u kaydsamaan si wanaagsan. - Ka Hortagga Cudurrada iyo Cayayaanka:
Cudurrada Caadiga ah ee Basasha: - Downy Mildew:
Calaamadaha: Meelo bunni ah oo caleemaha ku dhasha.
Xalka: Isticmaal fungicides sida Chlorothalonil ama Copper-based fungicides. - Basal Rot:
Calaamadaha: Xididdada iyo tubbooyinka oo qudhma.
Xalka: Ka ilaali ciidda qoyaan xad-dhaaf ah oo isticmaal abuur caafimaad leh.
Cayayaanka Caadiga ah: - Onion Thrips: Waxay waxyeelleeyaan caleemaha.
Xalka: Adeegso buufinta dabiiciga ah sida neem oil ama cayayaan-dilaha sida Spinosad. - Root Maggots: Waxay waxyeelleeyaan xididdada.
Xalka: Isticmaal ciidda si fiican loo diyaariyay oo isticmaal cayayaan-dilayaasha nidaamisan. - Goosashada Basasha:
Basashadu waxay diyaar u tahay in la goosto 90-120 maalmood kadib beerista iyadoo ku xiran nooca la beero iyo cimilada.
Calaamadaha Goosashada: - Caleemaha sare ee geedka oo qalalaya.
- Tubbooyinka oo helay midab buuxa oo adkeysi leh.
Sida Loo Goosto: - Ka qodo tubbooyinka si taxaddar leh adigoo isticmaalaya qalab jilicsan si aan tubbooyinka loo dhaawacin.
- Tubbooyinka ku qallaji meel hawo fiican leh oo aan qorraxda tooska ah ku jirin muddo 1-2 todobaad.
- Ka saar ciidda iyo caleemaha haray ka hor intaadan kaydin ama suuq geyn.
Gunaanad:
Beerista basasha waxay u baahan tahay qorsheyn sax ah oo ku saabsan diyaarinta dhulka, nafaqada ciidda, waraabka joogtada ah, iyo ka hortagga cudurrada iyo cayayaanka. Haddii hababkaas si sax ah loo raaco, basashadu waxay noqon kartaa dalag faa’iido badan leh oo kor u qaada dhaqaalaha beeraleyda.
“Basasha caafimaadka qabta maanta waa furaha suuqa barwaaqada leh berri”🌱🧅