Hordhac.
Digirta gaduudan (Adzuki bean – Vigna angularis) waa dalag qiimo sare leh oo laga beero meelo badan oo dunida ah. Waxay caan ku tahay nafaqo badan, adkaysi iyo fududeynta beerista. Maqaalkan waxaan ku faahfaahin doonaa marxaladaha ay marto, magacyadeeda kala duwan, cudurrada ku dhaca iyo sida loo daweeyo.
- Magacyada Kala Duwan ee Digirta Gaduudan:
Digirta gaduudan waxay leedahay magacyo kala duwan oo lagu yaqaanno wadamada kala duwan:
Adzuki bean – Magaca caalamiga ah.
Red mung bean – Waxaa lagu magacaabaa gobollada qaar.
Chori bean – Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa Hindiya iyo Pakistan.
Azuki bean – Sida ay u dhahaan dadka Japan.
Haricot rouge – Waa magaca Faransiiska. - Marxaladaha Ay Marto Digirta Gaduudan:
Digirta gaduudan waxay martaa dhowr marxaladood inta ay ka gaarayso goosashada:
a) Marxaladda Abuurista (Seed Germination) – 5-10 Maalmood
Abuurka waa in lagu beeraa carro furan oo bacrin ah.
Heerkulka ku habboon waa 20-30°C.
Wuxuu u baahan yahay waraabin joogto ah si si fiican u baxo.
b) Marxaladda Koraan Xididka & Caleemaha (Vegetative Growth) – 3-4 Todobaad
Digirta waxay si degdeg ah u koraan oo caleemo badan ayey sameeyaan.
Waxaa muhiim ah in la isticmaalo bacriminta organic ah sida compost ama bacriminta nitrogen-ku badan yahay.
Waraabka waa in si dhexdhexaad ah loo bixiyaa si looga fogaado dhulka qoyaan xad-dhaaf ah yeesha.
c) Marxaladda Ubaxashada (Flowering Stage) – 30-50 Maalmood
Digirta gaduudan waxay soo saartaa ubaxyo yar-yar oo midabkoodu yahay caddaan ama guduud.
Xilligan cayayaanka iyo cudurrada fungal-ka waa inay si taxaddar leh loola dagaallamo.
Waxaa lagula talinayaa in la isticmaalo Boron si kor loogu qaado ubaxashada.
d) Marxaladda Samayska Miraha (Pod Formation) – 50-80 Maalmood
Ubaxyadu waxay isu beddelaan miraha yaryar ee guduudan.
Heerkulka xilligan waa inuu ahaado 25-35°C, waxaana muhiim ah waraabin wanaagsan.
e) Marxaladda Bislaanshaha & Goosashada (Maturity & Harvest) – 80-120 Maalmood
Digirta waxay diyaar u noqotaa goosasho marka ay miraha si buuxda u bislaadaan.
Waxaa lagu goostaa gacanta ama mishiino khaas ah oo loogu talagalay.
Ka dib goosashada, waa in si wanaagsan loo qalajiyo si looga hortago waxyeello cayayaan. - Cudurrada Ku Dhaca Digirta Gaduudan & Daaweyntooda:
a) Fungal Diseases (Cudurrada Fangaska) - Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.)
Calaamado: Baro madow oo wareegsan oo caleemaha iyo miraha ku yaal.
Daaweyn: Isticmaal Copper Oxychloride ama Mancozeb si cudurka loo xakameeyo. - Root Rot (Fusarium spp.)
Calaamado: Xididada oo jirka ka qalala, geedkuna uu dhinto.
Daaweyn: Carada hagaaji oo biyo xad-dhaaf ah iska ilaali.
b) Bacterial Diseases (Cudurrada Bakteeriyada) - Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas spp.)
Calaamado: Caleemaha oo baro bunni ah yeesha.
Daaweyn: Isticmaal Copper-based fungicides iyo xulashada abuur caafimaad qaba.
c) Viral Diseases (Cudurrada Fayraska) - Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV)
Calaamado: Caleemaha oo kala qariya (mosaic-like appearance).
Daaweyn: Looma hayo daawo sax ah, laakiin waxaa lagula dagaallamaa cayayaanka sida
aphids oo faafin kara. - Sida Ugu Fiican ee Looga Hortago Cudurrada & Cayayaanka:
✔ Dooro abuur tayo leh oo cudur-resistant ah.
✔ Hubi in carro nadiif ah lagu beero, kana fogaaw dhul wasakhaysan.
✔ Isticmaal bacriminta saxda ah si geeduhu xoog u yeeshaan.
✔ Ka ilaali biyaha xad-dhaafka ah, maxaa yeelay qoyaan badan wuxuu keenaa fangas.
✔ Buufi cayayaanka dhibaato keeni kara sida aphids & thrips oo cudur faafin kara.
ugu danbeyn:
Digirta gaduudan waa dalag faa’iido badan leh oo leh marxalado kala duwan inta uu bislaanayo. Waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo noocyada cudurrada ku dhici kara, lana isticmaalo daawooyin sax ah si loo ilaaliyo wax-soosaarka. Haddii beeraleydu ay raacaan talooyinkan, waxay heli doonaan goosasho wanaagsan oo caafimaad leh. 🌱🌾