Yaanyada, Barbarooniga, iyo Qajaarka waa dalagyo muhiim ah oo u baahan daryeel joogto ah si loo hubiyo in ay bixiyaan wax-soo-saar caafimaad leh oo tayo sare leh. Waxaa jira dhowr arrimood oo loo baahan yahay in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho, sida ka hortagga cudurrada, cayayaanka, iyo kor u qaadista nafaqada dalagyadan.
- Nafaqada Dalagyada (Bacriminta):
Dawada Nafaqada Ugu Habboon: - Nitrogen (N): Waxay korisaa caleemaha iyo geedka.
Isticmaal Urea ama Ammonium Nitrate si waxtar leh.
Laakiin iska ilaali in aad ku xad-gudubto si looga hortago caleemo badan oo midho yaraan keenta. - Phosphorus (P): Waxay ka caawisaa xididdada iyo soo saarista ubaxa.
Isticmaal Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) ama Superphosphate. - Potassium (K): Waxay xoojisaa midhaha iyo awoodda geedka ee uu uga hortagayo cudurrada.
Isticmaal Potassium Sulfate ama Muriate of Potash. - Calcium: Waa muhiim si looga hortago Blossom End Rot (cudurka salka madow).
Isticmaal Calcium Nitrate ama buufinta foliar ee kalsiyamka leh. - Magnesium iyo Micronutrients: Waxay muhiim u yihiin caafimaadka guud ee dalagga.
Isticmaal bacriminta isku dhafan ee leh magnesium, zinc, boron, iyo manganese.
Habka Ugu Wanaagsan ee Bacriminta:
Waraab inta ka horreysa ama kadib marka bacriminta la sameeyo.
Adeegso fertigation (bacriminta biyo ku dhex jirta) haddii aad leedahay nidaamka drip irrigation.
Bacriminta dabiiciga ah sida compost-ka ama digada xoolaha waxay ku daraysaa nafaqo dheeraad ah. - Ka Hortagga iyo Maareynta Cayayaanka:
Cayayaanka Caadiga ah: - Aphids (Dhuudh): Waxay cabbaan dheecaanka caleemaha, taasoo yareysa koritaanka.
Xalka: Isticmaal neem oil ama dawada cayayaanka ah ee sida Imidacloprid. - Whiteflies (Mataanaha Caddaanka): Waxay gudbiyaan fayrusyo waxayna sababi karaan huruud caleemaha.
Xalka: Isticmaal buufinta cayayaanka sida Buprofezin ama Pyriproxyfen. - Thrips: Waxay waxyeelleeyaan caleemaha iyo ubaxyada.
Xalka: Adeegso Spinosad ama Abamectin. - Spider Mites (Dhuxula): Waxay sababi karaan calaamado bunni ah oo caleemaha ku dhaca.
Xalka: Isticmaal buufinta dabiiciga ah ee sida neem oil ama Sulfur-based sprays. - Ka Hortagga iyo Maareynta Cudurrada:
Cudurrada Caadiga ah: - Blight (Cudurka Caleemaha Dabka)
Calaamadaha: Meelo madow oo caleemaha, jirridaha, iyo midhaha ku dhasha.
Xalka: Isticmaal dawooyinka fungi-dilayaasha sida Chlorothalonil ama Mancozeb. - Powdery Mildew (Cudurka Qoyaan-qoyaan)
Calaamadaha: Meelo cad oo budo ah oo caleemaha ku dhasha.
Xalka: Adeegso Sulfur-based fungicides ama Potassium bicarbonate. - Downy Mildew: Waxay saameysaa caleemaha iyo ubaxyada.
Xalka: Isticmaal dawooyinka sida Copper fungicides ama Phosphonates. - Root Rot (Xididdada Qubta): Waxay ka timaadda ciid qoyan.
Xalka: Hubi in ciidda si fiican u miirayso oo isticmaal Trichoderma si loo xakameeyo fungi. - Hababka Ugu Fiican ee Maareynta:
- Isku-darka Dawooyinka Dabiiciga iyo Kiimikada:
Isticmaal dawo dabiici ah marka ay suurtogal tahay (sida neem oil) si looga hortago cayayaanka.
Marka cudur ama cayayaan aad u bato, u beddel dawada kiimikada si degdeg ah loo xaliyo dhibaatada. - Isku-darka Dalagyada (Crop Rotation)
Ha beerin yaanyo, barbarooni, ama qajaar meel isku mid ah xilli kasta si looga hortago cudurrada ciidda ku jira. - Nadiifinta Dhulka:
Ka saar haraaga dhirta cudurrada leh si looga hortago faafitaanka cudurrada. - Waraabinta Joogtada Ah:
Ha ogolaan ciidda inay aad u qallasho ama aad u qoyanto. - Tababarka Beeraleyda:
Baro calaamadaha cudurrada iyo cayayaanka si looga hortago dhibaatada inta aysan ka sii darin. - Yaraanta Kalsiyamka: Kalsiyamku waa maaddo muhiim ah oo geedka u baahan yahay si uu u sameeyo midho caafimaad leh.
- Waraabinta Aan Joogtada Ahayn: Isbeddelka joogtada ah ee qoyaan-biyoodka ciidda wuxuu carqaladeeyaa nuugista kalsiyamka.
- PH-ga Ciidda oo Aan Habboonayn: Haddii PH-ga ciidda uu aad u hooseeyo (aad u aashito badan), kalsiyamku ma noqon karo mid la nuugi karo.
- Xad-dhaafka Bacriminta Nitrogen-ka: Bacriminta aadka u badan ee nitrogen-ka waxay sababi kartaa in geedku xoogga saaro caleemaha halkii uu ku saari lahaa midhaha.
Xalka iyo Ka Hortagga: - Kordhinta Kalsiyamka:
Ku dar ciidda lime (calcium carbonate) ama gypsum si loo kordhiyo kalsiyamka.
Isticmaal buufin kalsiyamka leh (calcium foliar spray) oo toos loogu buufiyo caleemaha iyo midhaha. - Waraabinta Joogtada Ah:
Hubi in geedku si joogto ah u helo biyo ku filan, gaar ahaan xilliga midhaha soo baxayaan.
Isku day waraabka nidaamka drip irrigation si ciidda qoyaan u ahaato si siman. - Tijaabinta iyo Bacriminta Ciidda:
Samee tijaabo ciid si aad u hubiso in nafaqooyinka muhiimka ah ee ciidda ay sax yihiin.
Ku dar bacriminta isku dheelitiran oo leh nitrogen, phosphorus, iyo potassium si macquul ah. - Xakamaynta PH-ga Ciidda:
Hubi in PH-ga ciidda uu u dhexeeyo 6.0 ilaa 6.8. Haddii uu aad u hooseeyo, ku dar lime si loo dheellitiro. - Ka Hortagga Bacriminta Xad-dhaafka Ah:
Ha isticmaalin bacriminta aadka u badan ee nitrogen-ka maadaama ay saameyn karto nuugista kalsiyamka.
Gunaanad:
Si loo hubiyo yaanyo, barbarooni, iyo qajaar caafimaad leh oo tayo sare leh, waa muhiim in si joogto ah loo maareeyo nafaqada, cayayaanka, iyo cudurrada. Isticmaal habab waara oo isku dhafan, sida bacriminta dabiiciga ah, ka hortagga cayayaanka, iyo hababka waraabka casriga ah.
“Daryeel wanaagsan oo joogto ah waa furaha dalagyada caafimaadka qaba iyo faa’iido waarta.🌱🍅🌶️